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Davidson: Why did REIT's "Melt Up"?

“Davidson” sent this to me last week (Aug 5th) when I was away”

REITs displayed dramatic upside performance and many have asked why. This sudden move is in the face of continued and wide spread headlines that commercial real estate continues to face a tsunami of frozen debt that according to many will create the next great financial crisis. Many view the market activity of yesterday as irrational and insane and refuse to be drawn in.

I offer a different view. For some time I have alerted clients to the actions of investors deemed insightful by other insightful market participants. Often when most are acting on the headlines, there seems to always be a few savvy investors taking a contrarian position that much later proves to have been savvy. I think the untold story of yesterday was hidden in the headline and not visible unless one had been in the habit of following key individuals.

I ascribe yesterday’s events to Donald Trump recapturing the Atlantic City Casino property he once held by partnering with Andrew Beal of Beal Bank. Trump has been considered savvy, but Andrew Beal has been considered by many to be very sensitive to investment valuation. I think his participation in Atlantic City Casino has sparked some to view his action as signaling that values are attractive and some investors at least have become more bullish. Forbes ran a profile on Andrew Beal on April 3, 2009 which you can access using the URL below:

http://www.forbes.com/2009/04/03/banking-andy-beal-business-wall-street-beal.html

There are many examples of contrarian activity by key individuals that in hindsight can be shown to have been helpful with investment decisions. Part of my research effort is focused on the identification of as many of these individuals as possible. I monitor their activity and market commentary in conjunction with an asset class Return/Risk analysis. I find that this effort very helpful.

In my opinion yesterday’s “REIT “Melt Up!” is due to Andrew Beal.


Disclosure (“none” means no position):

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Inflation: Stocks vs Bonds, An Update to Previous Post

Had a post from “Davidson” yesterday regarding inflation and bond vs equity returns. It illicited several responses on twitter that many folks, contrary to the results of the post would rather own equities in an inflationary environment than bonds.

True, and not. It goes to degree. In a low inflationary environment, asset inflation favors equities at the expense of fixed income bonds. BUT, as the post yesterday demonstrated, in times of “hyper-inflation” ie: The 1970’s, inflation’s destructive effect systematically reduces equity values, making the fixed income bond and its guaranteed return of principle more valuable.

My fried on twitter @zippertheory provided the following statistics:

Of the he stated:

As you suspected stocks get crushed in hyper inflation due to P/E compression (as you know discount rate increases dramatically killing all terminal values). I can only presume that if CPI is above 7% commodities/Gold and anything that resembles a natural resource would flying.

I’ve as included a handy chart from the book Unexpected Returns by Easterling that better illustrates my aforementioned point.

The chart (click to enlarge):

So the evidence is pretty clear that 4% inflation seems to be the magic number at which a weighting from equities to bonds ought to take place in one portfolio. The question then remains to be answered, “what effect will the unprecedented monetary expansion have on inflation”?

If you believe it will cause hyper inflation, it it time to begin researching bonds. With corp. bonds currently yielding 7% to 9% for very safe companies, it does put pressure on the return you need from equities when you consider the additional risk.

Note: A bond/stock hybrid can be also accomplished with high dividend paying stocks, for instance, a stock yielding 4% need only appreciate 3% to 5% to equate to the bond yields. Just make sure the dividends are safe….we have had a score of cuts the last year although it would seem the worst of them has passed

Personally I find it hard to believe the actions taken recently leave us with the rather benign 2% long term inflation rate the Fed predicted yesterday. It doesn’t match up with history.

That being said, for me it looks like 2%+ which means down the road I am going to be looking at some bonds….


Disclosure (“none” means no position):

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China's Market Continues to Break Its Chains

“Davidson” submits:

First Read the following story from the WSJ:

China’s Iron Hand Comes Up Against Market

By CHUIN-WEI YAP

For China, there’s just seven points between national pride and market savvy.

Some of the bluest of China’s blue-chip steel mills have struck deals with major iron ore suppliers, accepting a provisional 33% cut to last year’s price.

This is the beginning of the end of an annual closed-door ritual that sets sale terms for one of the world’s most important industrial commodities.

This year, the negotiations have become particularly tortuous as China, the world’s biggest iron ore consumer, squared off with heavyweight miners, in hopes of getting a discount of 40%.

The acceptance of the smaller cut signals a fissure between the country’s steelmakers and the Chinese government, which together with the steel association heading the iron-ore price negotiations, has resisted any compromise.

The steelmakers say the latest deals are just temporary, and any difference will be refunded once China’s terms are set.

But their message is clear: Those who negotiated on their behalf miscalculated.

Analysts say the Chinese should have a struck a deal in February when the domestic economy was weak enough to warrant steeper discounts from miners. Steel prices in China have been rising for more than two months.

Certainly, Beijing’s decision to arrest four employees of the Anglo-Australian miner Rio Tinto hasn’t helped the country’s cause. The arrests are now widely accepted as linked to the iron ore price standoff.

As far as prices are concerned, Chinese officials are already softening their stance, saying they are willing to settle for a discount between 33% and 40%.

Now all the miners have to do is stand pat.

Craving certainty the Chinese market has spoken out — it is willing to settle for 33%.

Of the news, “Davidson” opines:

Free Market Continues to Take Control in China

This speaks volumes. The command economic tactic, i.e. dictated by political leaders, to negotiate iron ore discounts of 40% from suppliers has had to make way for the free market which dictated a 33% discount. Rather than following government guidelines the top steel makers seeing prices rise with world demand decided to take contract decisions back into their own sphere of influence and ignore the bureaucrats and the top down instruction.

This is what brings about democracy and free markets. That this happened in China speaks volumes as to the sea change which began in 1979 when Deng Xiaoping launched his economic reforms and continues. See the attached BusinessWeek article of September 27, 1999, “China’s New Capitalism”

BW 1999

Stories of single events such as this one which details the transfer of power from the political sphere to the free market have enormous impact to building free markets and democracy around the world for the long term.

For those who question the viability of the global economy, fear the future and the next bank failure, this report if read in the context of the BusinessWeek article should generate much enthusiasm for the future. When investing, I advise having both a “Top Down” and a “Bottom Up” methodology with the goal of grasping an understanding of as much of the global market as possible and with this the critical investment themes.


Disclosure (“none” means no position):

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China’s Market Continues to Break Its Chains

“Davidson” submits:

First Read the following story from the WSJ:

China’s Iron Hand Comes Up Against Market

By CHUIN-WEI YAP

For China, there’s just seven points between national pride and market savvy.

Some of the bluest of China’s blue-chip steel mills have struck deals with major iron ore suppliers, accepting a provisional 33% cut to last year’s price.

This is the beginning of the end of an annual closed-door ritual that sets sale terms for one of the world’s most important industrial commodities.

This year, the negotiations have become particularly tortuous as China, the world’s biggest iron ore consumer, squared off with heavyweight miners, in hopes of getting a discount of 40%.

The acceptance of the smaller cut signals a fissure between the country’s steelmakers and the Chinese government, which together with the steel association heading the iron-ore price negotiations, has resisted any compromise.

The steelmakers say the latest deals are just temporary, and any difference will be refunded once China’s terms are set.

But their message is clear: Those who negotiated on their behalf miscalculated.

Analysts say the Chinese should have a struck a deal in February when the domestic economy was weak enough to warrant steeper discounts from miners. Steel prices in China have been rising for more than two months.

Certainly, Beijing’s decision to arrest four employees of the Anglo-Australian miner Rio Tinto hasn’t helped the country’s cause. The arrests are now widely accepted as linked to the iron ore price standoff.

As far as prices are concerned, Chinese officials are already softening their stance, saying they are willing to settle for a discount between 33% and 40%.

Now all the miners have to do is stand pat.

Craving certainty the Chinese market has spoken out — it is willing to settle for 33%.

Of the news, “Davidson” opines:

Free Market Continues to Take Control in China

This speaks volumes. The command economic tactic, i.e. dictated by political leaders, to negotiate iron ore discounts of 40% from suppliers has had to make way for the free market which dictated a 33% discount. Rather than following government guidelines the top steel makers seeing prices rise with world demand decided to take contract decisions back into their own sphere of influence and ignore the bureaucrats and the top down instruction.

This is what brings about democracy and free markets. That this happened in China speaks volumes as to the sea change which began in 1979 when Deng Xiaoping launched his economic reforms and continues. See the attached BusinessWeek article of September 27, 1999, “China’s New Capitalism”

BW 1999

Stories of single events such as this one which details the transfer of power from the political sphere to the free market have enormous impact to building free markets and democracy around the world for the long term.

For those who question the viability of the global economy, fear the future and the next bank failure, this report if read in the context of the BusinessWeek article should generate much enthusiasm for the future. When investing, I advise having both a “Top Down” and a “Bottom Up” methodology with the goal of grasping an understanding of as much of the global market as possible and with this the critical investment themes.


Disclosure (“none” means no position):

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Inflation: Stocks or Bonds?

“Davidson” submits:

Below is a chart of the SP500 Index and that of Barclay’s Intermediate Term Corporate Bond and Long Term Corporate Bond Indices. The simple answer to which did better was bonds. This because 1) when investors panicked they sold stocks and went to bonds thus keeping values high/yields lower than the rate of inflation and 2) bonds have maturity dates on which principal is returned. Bonds preserved value.

Stocks’ response to inflation was to fall till the earnings yield rose to compensate.

During the ‘70’s stocks earnings yields rose to 14% causing stocks to fall from the 20 P/E level of the ‘60’s to 7 P/E. This equated to a 67% decline in valuation and thus stocks under-performed bonds throughout the ‘70’s. See chart.


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Exxon as A Proxy?

“Davidson” submits

I do some individual work for domestic portfolios. My basis is first to identify good management cultures, then I analyze to understand the business dynamics and lastly I establish a valuation basis. Exxon (XOM) is an issue that meets the management culture criteria and today’s price of ~$65shr speaks volumes. By itself XOM could be a good addition to any conservative portfolio at the current level. But, more than that XOM can also be used as proxy for the oil sector and today’s level helps me to make decisions to buy any energy based company that has pulled back in the current environment.

XOM is particularly helpful as there is not a specific energy stock index that goes back as far as XOM’s history.

In the few accounts I manage, I am buying selected energy stocks.

Chart from 1964-Present (click to enlarge)

My two cents:

Exxon currently yields 2.6% and is trading 30% off its 2007-08 high on over $90 a share. Skeptics will point to the current administration and its less than friendly view of oil companies and impending taxation plans.

For some perspective we need only go back to the Clinton years to find a similar energy policy. During those years Exxon shares rose from $11 to $40. Not bad appreciation, excluding dividends… For those not wanting to do the math, that is 17.5% annual return (dividends excluded).


Disclosure (“none” means no position):none

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CRE/CMBS Disaster Imminent? Not So Fast

The general theory has been, and even I speculated here in March that commercial real estate (CRE) & commercial mortgage backed securities (CMBS) may be the next shoe to drop. But, there have been some event recently that force us to take a closer look.

Since March we have seen improvement in the AAA rated CMBS market, mostly due to the TALF being used there. Again, no comment on the “right or wrong” of this action, but it is undeniably helping this market.

Then we had none other than Sam Zell coming out and saying that all the talk of a REIT industry “melt down” was overblown.

Most recently was the very important news that loan servicers were looking at extending maturities on debt from the customary 6-12 months to out as far as 5 years

Now this from the WSJ:

With the commercial real-estate industry bracing itself for the onslaught of hundreds of billions of dollars in maturing loans, the Treasury is considering issuing rules that will make it easier for property developers and investors and their loan servicers to restructure debt, according to people familiar with the matter.

Tax rules make it difficult for borrowers who are current on their payments to hold restructuring talks with the servicers of commercial mortgages that were packaged and sold as bonds. This lack of flexibility was one of the reasons cited by the management of mall giant General Growth Properties Inc. for its Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing in April.

At present, developers and investors complain that only those who are delinquent can talk to servicers of these bonds, named commercial-mortgage-backed securities, or CMBS. But now the Treasury is considering issuing guidance that would allow servicers to start talking about ways to avoid defaults and foreclosures sooner, possibly at least two years ahead of the maturity date of a loan, these people said. The Treasury guidance, which could be released within weeks, would essentially enable loan-modification talks to take place without triggering tax consequences, these people say.

What does it mean? If we convert this to housing. You are having trouble with you loan. Under the current rules, the banks could not talk to you about altering your loan until you defaulted. Once is default on commercial loans, all sort of cross defaults and debt covenants are triggers across other debt. This is bad.

When Treasury alters the current rules, loans can be altered BEFORE default. This huge and it retrospect may have save General Growth Properties (GGWPQ) from Chapter 11 as it was not able to restructure loans until it defaulted which then drove into 11.

Back to the article:

… property owners and investors hoping to restructure troubled mortgages are hearing a tough message from CMBS servicers: We can’t talk to you unless you first fall behind on payments. This is because when CMBS offerings are created, the underlying mortgages are legally held by tax-free trusts. The trusts can be forced to pay taxes if the underlying loans are modified before they become delinquent, according to current CMBS rules.

“It can be frustrating,” says Monty Bennett, chief executive of Ashford Hospitality Trust Inc. The Dallas-based real-estate investment trust that owns 102 upscale hotels has tried to start negotiations with servicers for extensions of payment deadlines for CMBS loans coming due. They have had little success. “You’re trying to be proactive and get a plan together to address [a loan maturity], but you can’t get someone to talk to you

There are scores of operationally healthy REIT’s that will simply not be able to restructure debt as it comes due to stagnant credit markets and will suffer the same fate as GGWPWQ. By allowing refinancing (for lack of a better word) before default, many will be avoided. Will there still be defaults and REIT collapses? Yes. But the key difference will be that those falling by the wayside will not be healthy organizations but the weak that deserve to fade away.

Yesterday I had an email exchange with Davidson on the subject and he said:

All the noise about Alt-A and Commercial Real Estate being the tsunami on the horizon tells me that this one will be solved as well. I can tell you that private equity funds of $billions have been established to capture value. Roth of Vornado (VNO), Simon of Simon Prop (SPG) have cash to buy up the best properties that may be thrown on the market. Some one may take a hit but these guys may be stumbling over themselves to buy this troubled stuff and in the end a solution will clear the inventory.

It would seem that the commercial real estate (CRE) market has watched and learned something from what happened in housing. They are taking proactive steps to stave off a total meltdown. For instance REIT’s have already issued equity and cut dividends (issuing them in stock rather than cash) ahead of problems rather than well after as the banks did with housing. This means that going into any problem they are already capitalized to levels that will allow far more of them to remain healthy and actually expand operations as this develops.

Does it mean there is not some pain in store? There surely is. But, I think one has to revisit the “total collapse” meme and perhaps materially alter that. Now if Treasury opts not to modify the current rule (which does not make much sense by the way) then we may very well see considerable pain here. Based on recent actions though, I think it is safe to assume something is coming from them.

I am going to begin to look far closer at this sector and will report in as I find things..


Disclosure (“none” means no position):Long GGWPQ, None

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Davidson: "Risk to Trust Always Present"

Davidson is back with more data and commentary inferring the worst may indeed be over. He has provided the charts at the end of his commentary.

“Davidson” sumbits:

The point to observe in all this is that market psychology went from cautious to panic on the Lehman failure Sept. 15th, 2008. Corporations experienced an almost immediate freezing of short term cash accounts which cascaded into Money Market funds as a literal “run on the bank” and an almost complete halt to credit based import/export and capital transactions in the US and around the world.

The reason the global financial system works is that all participants trust that certain rules will be followed and that terms in contracts will be honored. When it became clear that marginal participants had gamed the system and infected it with contracts that had violated the accepted standards of conduct, trust in exactly which contractual arrangements would be honored experienced a dramatic decline for all contracts.

The psychology of trust is elemental to a global financial system. With trust the system works! Without trust the system fails!

The system requires rules that all understand and that cannot be arbitrarily changed.

At the moment trust in the global financial system is returning as is reflected in The Conference Board’s reports of the past few days. Declaring victory, declaring the “End of the Recession” as many would like to do at this time is always subject to continuing trust in the system.

I have just finished Amity Shlaes’ “The Forgotten Man” a new and refreshing look at the Great Depression. I highly recommend it. While many previous authors have focused on policy issues, legislation errors, banking errors and the like, Shlaes’ focus is centered on the intangible quality of “Trust in the System” and how when trust is lost the system fails to function. Corporations and individuals hold on to cash not knowing who or what to trust. Just as we recently experienced!

Trust is returning, but if someone again games the rules, then trust can be lost. Market participants are working through the issues one at a time.

Risk to trust is always present.






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"Davidson": Baltic Dry Index A Key Indicator

The Baltic Dry Index tracks the cost to ship dry bulk goods, i.e. grain, metal ores, coal and etc.(see chart 1) Baltic Capesize Index tracks the shipping costs on the largest of the dry bulk vessels, i.e. vessels that are in excess of 80,000 dwt.(see chart 2) Capesize vessels are viewed as primarily carry coal and iron ore vessels. The Baltic Capesize Index tends to fluctuate with the amount of steel being produced and reflects global economic activity. Over the last two weeks the Baltic Capesize Index has increased over 80%. The same two weeks the broader Baltic Dry Index has increased 21%. The Baltic Dry Index has increased over 470% from its low of 663 in Dec 5, 2008 to 3164 on May 27, 2009.

Most assume that speculators are not driving up the cost of vessels as the result of some speculative market activity and that these indices provide an untarnished view of world business activity. But, with the history of oil at $147bbl in 2008 still sharp in memory, it should always be considered that speculation could be playing a part in these indices. Regardless of the all the sources of these price increases, these indices are in line with the Port of LA activity regarding loaded containers which provides another reference point.(see chart 3)

That these charts reflect a substantial turn upwards in global business activity and psychology is a point that should catch the attention of all investors in my opinion.




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The Bond Boys Come Out Swinging

Now this chart is either really good news or dark storm clouds on the horizon…

Scott Grannis says of it:

Treasury yields are heading skyward, as the bond market begins to realize that a) the economy is improving, b) monetary policy is incredibly expansionary, and c) fiscal policy is creating massive financing needs. This is a perfect storm for the Treasury market, and it could send yields far higher in short order.

The silver lining to this thunderstorm cloud is that it may cause our politicians to rethink their plans to spend money like a drunken sailor. It would be great if Obama came to have the same respect for the bond market as Bill Clinton did.

“Davidson” says of it all:

This piece by Scott Grannis begs the question: “Would Bernanke reigning in stimulus boost market confidence?” There are many indications that confidence in the credit markets have improved. It is understood that if lender’s confidence levels continued to improve as has been apparent then many of the looming refinance issues for commercial real estate would ease. The effect on lender’s confidence in the auto loan and home loan market could continue to improve which would go a long way towards easing fears of the after-effects of a GM bailout or easing the fears of Alt-A mtg rollovers.

If Bernanke declares that now is the time to reduce the stimulus, would this rein in the fears of pending inflation, boost lender confidence and stimulate economic improvement?

Confidence in our financial system is crucial to our society. It is the lack of confidence which causes deep recessions as everyone retrenches at once. It is the excess confidence that produces bubbles as many over extend themselves.

A boost to confidence would be welcome.

My two cents:

Obama is learning (hopefully) that all his spending plans can be put on hold by the “Bond Boys”. Much as Clinton learned, should they not like the direction things are going, they have the ability to drive up interest rates.

Why is that a problem?

Consider a second chart, this one of 30 year mortgage rates

Look great right? What better to help spur housing except record low rates! But, look at the relationship between the 10yr. Treasury and the 30yr. mortgage. The 30 yr. on average tends to run about 1.7% greater than the 10yr.

So…….why does this matter? Well the 10yr. exploded to 3.5% today and that correlates to an appoximiate 30yr. rate of 5.2% upcoming or over 1/2 a point higher than just a week and a half ago. Nothing, and I mean nothing will throw more  cold water on this housing market that rapidly rising interest rates. Folks who were sitting on the fence just a week or two ago are going to be in for quite a shock when they look at the new monthly cost of a house. 

Now, here is where “Davidson’s” comment on Bernanke comes in. Should Ben decide it is time to suck some liquidity out of the economy “due to its performance”, we would see a reversal of the the rate jump. That might also have the effect of spurring those folks on the house buying fence out there the rush out and pick one up as they fear additional rate increases. This would be good news.

The huge risk is “what if there really aren’t any buyers on the fence”? Rate increases will only serve in this case to deepen the problem and Bernanke’s withdrawing of liquidity would serve to further tighten lending.

What really needs to happen? We need some responsibility out of Congress and the White House. If we cannot get it then the bond folks will force it on them and in that case, options become very limited very fast. The first volley has been tossed, let’s see what happens now..


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Davidson "Looks Across the Valley" $$

“Davidson” submits:

When you are a value investor you are really an asset buyer with an expectation on ROE on those assets over an anticipated future period. The “science” that Ian Cumming references in his quote, “The science is in the “In”. The poetry is in the “Out”.”, is in the means that a value investor assesses the potential that the expected returns are likely to be realized. It is important to be cognizant of financial history, Hamilton, Fed Reserve history, economic philosophy of Hayek and etc as well as how this has played out since the 1871.

A powerful record of the effect of the Federal Reserve acting as a financial shock absorber has been in effect since 1933-see chart 1 (click to enlarge).

With all the manipulations of govt., war, high taxation, excess govt. spending leading to inflation and the recovery and disinflation under Reagan and Volcker, one can build a great deal of confidence in US society and the its economic underpinnings that can serve to let one see thru the current fog of issues clouding our economic future.

If one measures BV (the productive assets of public cos) growth of the SP500 (I see this as quite steady at ~6.2%) (see Chart 2, click to enlarge) and then when one examines the ROE on these assets and measures that regression analysis produces a quite steady 14.2%.

Between 1978 to Present, one can produce a forecast for SP500 earnings and convert this to an earnings yield. This earnings yield is compared to the Real US GDP trend which is 3.16% and the current core inflation rate which is 2.3%; the combination of these 2 rates becomes the benchmark against which all investments are compared. The market has priced the SP500 against this benchmark return since 1978 in a fairly close relationship with allowances for market psychology which is an important factor at all times (see Chart 3, click to enlarge).

The current relationship is that the SP500 is priced at an estimated 8.08% earnings yield while the Market Cap Rate (MCR) is 5.4%. For the SP500 to return back to a normalized rate of return, this means that it needs to rise by 49.6% to roughly 1,350 from 900 currently. This is how a value investor converts assets to future returns by assuming that a historical trend with many periods of in which problems like those we fear today will eventually be resumed and return to trend.

Can value investors be wrong? Absulutely!! But, there is a very strong trend of economic history that supports these assumptions and the Fed is easing like it has done in the past. The cry, “But, but, but…it is different this time!!!” has be uttered at every major low in our financial history, i.e. 1974, 1982, 1987, 1990, 1998, 2002-2003 and 2008-2009. The odds greatly favor recovery, strong recovery which few are forecasting.

Our greatest problem today is fear and a complete lack of perspective. Historical perspective is how value investors look across the valley.


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S&P 500 PE: It Must Correct $$

A constant theme here and really for any value investor is “price always meets value”. They just do. It is the “when” that we cannot predict but we know eventually it does. For that reason we buy when the value is above the current price and sell when it reaches or exceeds it. Easy right? Well, not really, it is the determination of what that value is that trips folks up and causes mistakes.

Thus is the dilemma of the current market. By any valuation it is way over valued. The S&P 500 last Friday after another quarter of reduced earnings (most are in now) sat at an stratospheric 122 times earnings. For those who are not sure what “normal” is, it is about 20 times earnings.

Here is the whole thing visually (from Chart of the Day):

So, that must mean the market is headed for a big fall, right? Well, there are two parts to the equation. The “P” or price and the “E”, earnings. In order to get the ratio down to a normal level the “P” must fall and the “E” must rise. Q1 earnings numbers were smacked by a -6% Q1 GDP. We know Q2 will be better and Q3 three ought to show even more improvement (both may still be negative but less so). That means we can expect the “E” part of the equation to increase.

With S&P earnings as of last Friday at $7.21, it will not talk much improvement for the PE ratio of the market to be brought down by even a modest earnings improvement. For reference, last year at this time the S&P had earnings of $62 and sat at 1400 vs 888 today. For the market to sit where it is and have its PE fall to around a more “normal” 20 times earnings, they  must increase 485% to $45. 

Again, visually, this is what has happened to earnings:

So, what happened to Q1? Companies wrote off billions in Q1 and used it as a “kitchen sink” quarter. We all expected it to be bad so they wrote down everything that had or might deteriorate in value. Q2 ought to show improvement if for no other reason the massive Q1 writedowns ought to be just about over. Even if operating earnings stay flat, we will see overall earnings improve.

Again, visually (click to enlarge): This is the S&P operating earnings.

Notice Q4 was the worst operationally and improvement is expect through the year. This is what to watch going forward. As long as this continues upward, the rest will wash out in the end.

It is fairly safe to say that the decline in earnings is or is near over and we ought to begin to see improvement. Note: this does not mean the overall economy improves immediately or dramatically, just that the decimation in earnings is done. Because of that, there is a very real scenario where the market just pauses and waits for earnings to catch up. Then, depending on the Q2 results as they come in, the next move in the market is defined. If they are as or better than expected the market will feel justified at its current level. Should they begin to come in worse, the high levels it currently sit at will indeed appear irrational and we could see a decent sized sell off.

Please know that I am not predicting what the market is going to do over the next two months, no of us know that. What I do know is that the current PE of the market is unsustainable and has to come down to more normal levels. The only way for that to happen is a rapid rise in earnings and/or an fall from the current levels of the S&P.

It also means the risk to current levels is downward. If we do not get increasing earnings, the market has to fall to regain valuation balance. If we do get modestly increasing earnings, it could sit here while the earnings take down the valuation disparity. Either way, the markets upside is limited to down.

One then has to extrapolate from this that the market could continue its upward march if we get a large increase in earnings in Q2. That would justify the
recovery theme currently “en vogue” and reduce the market valuation in one step. All eye then turn to continued improvement in Q3 for continued market appreciation.

In talking with “Davidson” about the subject yesterday he said:

That is the way it happens. Markets that move ahead of earnings are always called “speculative”. It is a question that value players would answer that they buy on P/Assets or P/BV but sell on earnings expectation or P/E when the earnings come in.

A quote from Ian Cumming from the Leucadia (LUK) annual meeting I went to. “The science is in the “In”. The poetry is in the “Out”. The value buyer assesses the potential earnings power of the assets, but buys when there are no or at least very low earnings and the market not having the sense to do the same type of work is lost in the pricing and giving stocks away. But, when the earnings are at full potential and have recovered, the market believes that some new earnings trend has begun and priced the stock at “poetry levels”-“so beautiful” and it is this is where one should sell.

So what to do? Be careful. Something has to happen either way and two of the three scenarios have the market doing nothing to falling.


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Margins Levels vs S&P 500

“Davidson” comments on this and I have some after the image.

This chart of the record of use of margin debt by Hays Advisory reveals a fascinating view of the relationship of the SP500 vs. Margin Yr/Yr Change and the signals provided for tops and bottoms.

This chart says volumes regarding the effects of investors’ appetites for risk, how rapidly it can build and signal tops, how the rise in risk appetite can signal market recovery.

This is an interesting relationship and one that makes sense regarding market attitudes at tops and bottoms. The current rise in margin debt does fit other leading indicators which suggest changes in investor attitudes.

This is in my view a useful as well as fascinating indicator to watch.

This does bear close watching. I would focus on the relationship since the explosion of the “guy next door” investor. It, in my opinion gives a better sample of behavior.

If we accept that and use it as a guide, then the last recession was the 2001-2002 on. Looking at the peaks in the market in both 2001 ans 2008, the both correlate almost exactly with the peak in margin debt. This makes sense because margin selling is fast and furious so as it fell, the market would follow violently.

But, we are not interested in that now are we? We want to know about bottoms. Again going back to 2001-2002, we see a lag from when margin debt begins to again increase until the market turns. This also makes sense as recently burned buyers will tip-toe back into the market using margin gingerly and that means any rally will lag their entry.

Using that as a guide, it looks as though we can look for the market to gain more permanent footing in 6 months to a year. Now, while I do not as a rule place too much faith in charts, margin charts are useful because they go directly to investor sentiment. A confident investor is more likely to use larger margin amounts to purchase stocks that one who is pessimistic about the future.

Like any indicator this is not perfect and does bear close watching. It does give us more confidence though that the worst of the market may be over but, a true recovery in equities may be of a bit….


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"Davidson" Talks Leucadia

Was having a conversation with “Davidson” about Leucadia (LUK) after posting the annual meeting notes the other day. He was talking about the excellence of management of which I agree. He is an owner of shares. I said my hesitation in owning shares was that I could not accurately forecast earnings into the future due to the fact they tend to buy then sell businesses.

Here is his reply:

Ahh. Here is where you plot management’s results, read their history of investing in distressed assets and turning them into gains and then realize that this is not a cash flow nor an earnings story. LUK is a holding co. They report boosts in BV only when an asset has been sold which may take 10yrs. Analysts really have to do a bit of leg work to grasp the value growth from year to year. My plot of BV vs. stock price I think tells the story of success.

Book Value/Share Price Analysis

There really isn’t any doubt as too the skill of Steinberg or Cummings skill. It is pretty clear that earnings will fluctuate wildly depending on what is sold in what year. So, Davidson’s BV chart is the way to go.

If we look at the chart, it is pretty clear that Leucadia, when priced right, tend to trade around book value. That gap rose to almost 2 times book over the last couple years and the stock has responded by falling from the $50’s to the current $20 as book value fell.

Current book has fallen to roughly $12 a share and that is due mainly to $1 billion in asset write-downs in Q4 2008 (like the rest of the world) and an additional $900m in debt. A normalized operating environment book is more likely to be in the $15-$16 range which means shares, currently price at $20 are getting close to a “buy” point for those who want to be shareholders.

Latest 10-Q


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The "Sucker’s Rally" & My Perverse Situation

This rally has put me in a rather perverse situation. I’ve been on record several times saying I do not believe in it (the market rally) and it is due for a fall. I still believe I will be proven right sooner rather than later, yet at the same time, I am really enjoying the profits being made being wrong for now. It’s odd as no one like to be wrong, especially when you broadcast those opinions to the masses but having what you own and what you have purchased recently (oil (USO) & gas (UNG) options) rally huge along with the market really takes the sting out of it.

Additionally, since I do not “short”, and have not advised others to do so, there has not been monetary loss from being wrong (the most important point).

Because of all that I have made it a point to post thoughts contrary to mine here in order to give readers both side of the argument (suckers rally or bull market)and let them decide for themselves.

This morning I posted thoughts from “Davidson” contrary to mine.

Here are some supporting my thoughts.

From TechTicker:
Merrill’s economist David Rosenberg left the firm yesterday (planned for several months). And he went out swinging. David has maintained from the beginning that the recent rocket rally off the lows is just a suckers’ rally, and he reiterated that view as he walked through the doors.

Market likely to peak the end of the week [Friday]. Just as the clock is winding down on my tenure at Merrill Lynch, the equity market is winding up with an impressive near-40% rally in just nine weeks. For those that were still long the equity market back at the March 9 lows, a good ‘devil’s advocate’ exercise would be to ask yourself the question whether you would have taken the opportunity, if the offer had been presented, to have sold out your position with a 40% premium at the time. What do you think you would have said back then, as fears of financial Armageddon were setting in? We haven’t conducted a poll, but we are sure at least 90% of the longs at that point would have screamed “hit the bid!”

Are we at risk of missing the turn? Fast forward to today, and within two months optimism seems to have yet again replaced fear. Are we at risk of missing the turn? What if this is the real deal — a
new bull market? This is the question that economists, strategists and market analysts must answer.

Risk is much higher now than it was 18 weeks ago. The nine-week S&P 500 surge from 666 at the March lows to 920 as of yesterday has all but retraced the prior nine-week decline from the 2009 peak of 945 on January 6 to the lows on March 9. We believe it is appropriate to put the last nine weeks in the perspective of the previous nine weeks. To the casual observer, it really looks like nothing at all has happened this year, with the market relatively unchanged. But something very big has happened because the risk in the market, in our view, is much higher than it was the last time we were close to current market prices back in early January, for the simple reason that we believe professional investors have covered their shorts, lifted their hedges and lowered their cash positions in favor of being long the market.

Employment, output, income, sales still in a downtrend. Considering what transpired from an economic standpoint, the decline in the first nine weeks of the year was rather appropriate in the midst of the worst three-quarter performance the economy has turned in roughly 70 years. The rally of the past nine weeks appears to be rooted in green shoots. While it may be the case that the pace of economic decline is no longer as negative as it was at the peak of the post-Lehman credit contraction, the reality is that employment, output, organic personal income and retail sales are still in a fundamental downtrend.

Need to see an improvement in the first derivative. We have evidence that the consumer, after a first-quarter up-tick that was front- loaded into January, is relapsing in the current quarter despite the tax relief (didn’t we see this movie last year?). Not until improvement in the second derivative morphs into improvement in the first derivative with respect to the important economic data will it really be safe to declare what we are seeing as something more than a bear market rally, as impressive as it has been.

This is a bear market rally that may have run its course. The investing public is still holding tightly to their long-term resolve, but much of the buying power at the institutional level seems to have largely run its course, in our view. That leaves us with the opinion, as tenuous as it seems in the face of this market melt-up, that this is indeed a bear market rally and one that may well have run its course. We have “round-tripped” from the beginning of the year and there is real excitement in the air about how these last nine weeks represent evidence that the economy will begin expanding sometime in the second half of the year.

Growth pickup will likely prove transitory While it is likely that headline GDP will improve as inventory withdrawal subsides and fiscal policy stimulus kicks in, our view is that whatever growth pickup we will see will prove to be as transitory as it was in 2002, when under similar conditions the market ultimately succumbed to a very disappointing limping post-recession recovery. So yes, there may well be some improvement in the GDP data, but it is based largely on transitory factors. We strongly believe it is premature to totally rule out the end of the vicious cycle of real estate deflation – residential and now commercial – that we have been experiencing since 2007. Balance sheet compression in the household sector will continue to pressure the personal savings rate higher at the expense of discretionary consumer spending. This is a secular development, meaning that we expect it will last several more years.

Chances of a re-test of the March lows are non-trivial. To reiterate, it seems to us likely that the risk in the market is actually higher today than it was back at the same price points in early January, and we say that with all deference to the stress tests (which given the less-than-dire economic scenarios, along with the changes to mark-to-market accounting, were destined to reveal healthy results). While the consensus seems gripped with the burden of trying to decide if there is too much risk to be out of the market, we actually still believe that the chances of a re-test of the March lows are non-trivial, especially if the widely touted second-half economic rebound fails to materialize…

The data flow is less relevant this cycle than in the past. This was not a manufacturing inventory cycle, which makes the data flow less relevant than in the past. Real estate values are still deflating and the unemployment rate is still climbing; these are critical variables in determining the willingness of lenders to extend credit. And as we just saw in the Fed’s Senior Loan Officer Survey, while there may be a ‘thaw’ in the financial markets, banks are still maintaining tight guidelines. In fact, the weekly Fed data are now flagging the most intense declines in bank lending to households and businesses ever recorded.

Regular readers know I lean towards Rosenberg’s analysis. For a while now I have been saying “not as bad” is not the same as “getting better”. Consider when GM (GM) sheds its dealer ranks this summer, conservative estimates say it will cost another 150K jobs just from dealership closing and almost 70k of last month’s unemployment report (the “getting better report”) was temporary census workers, not permanent jobs. Just these two alone must leave people wondering where to bottom in employment is…

Today we here the Administration raised its estimate for the federal budget for this fiscal year by $89 billion, 5%, to $1.84 trillion. The new, higher number is nearly the same as the one provided by the Congressional Budget Office. Remember that one? Early on is was criticized as being “overly pessimistic”.

On April Fool’s Day I covered the Budget issues here:

But, don’t worry, the Obama administration projected today that the U.S. economy will expand at a 3.5 percent annual rate by year-end, a rebound that would be almost twice as strong as private forecasters expect. I can’t even really comment on that. It is so devoid of any reality……..stunning.

They also expect “housing starts to reach bottom this year and to begin a robust recovery as relative housing prices stabilize,”. Right….we covered that last week here.

Finally the report also said “inflation is expected to remain subdued over the next few years.”

Call it the “Alice in Wonderland” report……


Disclosure (“none” means no position):Long Jan 11 $35 USO calls and UNG Oct. 2009 $15 & $16 calls.